Main Article Content
Abstract
Teknologi terkini, seperti fotografi digital, pemindai 3D, dan augmented reality, memberikan alternatif dalam upaya pelestarian situs warisan budaya. Fokus pembahasan dalam artikel ini adalah kelanjutan wacana tentang manfaat pelestarian berbasis digital berdasarkan penerapan pada Proyek Depok Lama. Depok adalah kota yang terletak di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memiliki beragam jenis bangunan masa kolonial, antara lain permukiman penduduk, gereja, dan jembatan. Namun, studi terbaru menunjukkan hampir 75% bangunan kolonial telah dihancurkan sepanjang satu dasawarsa terakhir akibat aktivitas pembangunan kota dan modernisasi yang cepat. Kami membangun proyek untuk melakukan digitalisasi sejumlah objek warisan budaya di Depok untuk mencegah perusakan lebih lanjut dan membangun informasi tentang pentingnya objek bangunan kolonial kepada publik melalui media digital. Proyek ini merupakan kegiatan multidisiplin yang melibatkan arkeolog, sejarawan, pakar IT, dan masyarakat setempat dalam menciptakan database sistem interaktif mengenai bangunan cagar budaya di Depok. Empat studi dilakukan untuk mengembangkan Proyek Depok Lama, yaitu studi informasi konten, studi perspektif pengguna, konstruksi kerangka desain situs web, dan studi evaluasi. Studi pertama dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan informasi mengenai bangunan bersejarah di Depok Lama. Studi kedua dilakukan untuk menyelidiki presentasi informasi yang disukai oleh pengguna. Studi ketiga berkaitan dengan pengembangan prototipe situs web berdasarkan data dari studi sebelumnya. Studi terakhir adalah untuk mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan prototipe situs web. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa digitalisasi warisan budaya tidak hanya berguna untuk pelestarian tetapi juga mendorong keterlibatan publik dan memfasilitasi materi pengetahuan budaya.
New technologies, such as digital photography, 3D scanner, and augmented reality, provide an alternative to preserve heritage sites. The focal point for this article is to continue the discourse on the advantages of digital preservation based on our work in Depok, called Depok Lama Project. Depok is a city located in West Java Province that has many colonial buildings, such as residential settlements, churches, and bridges. However, a recent study shows almost 75% of colonial buildings have been demolished over the last decade due to city development and rapid modernization. We created a project to digitize the cultural heritage in Depok to prevent further destruction and encourage the importance of the buildings to the public through digital media. This project is a multidisciplinary project that involved archaeologists, historians, IT experts, and the local community in creating an interactive system database regarding heritage buildings in Depok. Four studies were carried out to develop the Depok Lama Project, namely content information study, end-user perspective study, website design framework construction, and evaluation study. The first study was used to collect information regarding the historical buildings at the Old Depok. The second study was conducted to investigate the information presentation preferred by the end-users. The third study concerned the development of a website prototype based on data from previous studies. The final study was to evaluate and enhance the website prototype. The results show that the cultural heritage digitization is not only useful for preservation but also for public engagement and facilitate cultural learning.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Kapata Arkeologi by Balai Arkeologi Maluku. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at Copyright Notice.
References
Abubakar, J. A., Jahnkassim, P. S., & Mahmud, M. (2013). User Requirements for Architectural Heritage Learning through Virtual Reality. International Journal of Interactive Digital Media, 1, 1–9. (view)
ArcGIS Database. (2018). GEBCO 2018 Basemap (NOAA NCEI Visualization). Retrieved November 12, 2018, from http://hub.arcgis.com/ (view)
Arifianto, B. (2017). Tak Jadi Tujuan Wisata Sejarah, Bangunan Tua di Depok Lama Banyak Beralih Fungsi. Pikiran Rakyat. Retrieved October 5, 2017, from http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com (view)
Dave, B. (2007). Virtual Heritage: Mediating space, time and perspectives. In Y. E. Kalay, T. Kvan, & J. Affleck (Eds.), New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage (pp. 40–52). New York: Routledge. (view)
Hampton, M. P. (2005). Heritage, Local Communities, and Economic Development. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(3), 735–759. (view)
Hein, G. E. (1998). Learning in the Museum. New York: Routledge. (view)
Hosagrahar, J. (2015). Urban Heritage and Sustainable Development in South Asia: A Plea for a Heritage-Aware Approach. In M. T. Albert (Ed.), Perception of Sustainability in Heritage Studies (pp. 113–124). Berlin: De Gruyter. (view)
Ibrahim, N., & Ali, N. M. (2018). A Conceptual Framework for Designing Virtual Heritage Environment for Cultural Learning. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 11(2), 1–27. (view)
ICOMOS. (2018). Evaluation of Nominations of Cultural and Mixed Properties 2018: ICOMOS report for the World Heritage Committee 42nd ordinary session, Manama, 24 June-4 July 2018. Paris: ICOMOS. (view)
Irsyam, T. W. M. (2017). Berkembang dalam bayang-bayang Jakarta: Sejarah Depok 1950-1990-an. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. (view)
Jonathans, Y. (2011). Depok Tempo Doeloe: Potret Kehidupan Sosial dan Budaya Masyarakat. Jakarta: Libri. (view)
Kalay, Y. E. (2007). Preserving Cultural Heritage through Digital Media. In Y. E. Kalay, T. Kvan, & J. Affleck (Eds.), New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage (pp. 1–10). New York: Routledge. (view)
Kanumoyoso, B. (2011). Beyond the city wall: Society and economic development in the Ommelanden of Batavia, 1684-1740. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden. (view)
Kim, Y. E., Schmidt, E. M., Migneco, R., Morton, B. G., Richardson, P., Scott, J., … & Turnbull, D. (2010). Music Emotion Recognition: A State of the Art Review. In The 11th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2010) (pp. 255–266). Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht. (view)
KITLV Maps. Atlas van Nederlandsch Oost-Indië [cartographic material] / bij het Topographisch Bureau te Batavia samengesteld in de jaren 1897-1904. Retrieved August 30, 2018, from https://universiteitleiden.nl/ (view)
Lukman, A. (2017). Sustainable Development and Cultural Heritage Management: The Case Study of the Community-based Underwater Cultural Heritage Resources Management in USAT Liberty, Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia. Master thesis Leiden University. (view)
Malpas, J. (2007). Cultural Heritage in the Age of New Media. In Y. E. Kalay, T. Kvan, & J. Affleck (Eds.), New Heritage: New Media and Cultural Heritage (pp. 13–26). New York: Routledge. (view)
Murphy, J. W. (2014). Community-Based Interventions, International Perspectives on Social Policy, Administration, and Practice. New York: Springer. (view)
Mutema, G. (2003). Phenomenology, hermeneutics, and the study of indigenous knowledge systems. Indilinga: African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems, 2(1), 81–88. (view)
Ongirwalu, H., & Jonathans, H. (2014). Melacak Jejak-Jejak Sang Pembebas: Dari Jemaat Masehi ke GPIB Jemaat “Immanuel” Depok. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia. (view)
Pojoh, I. H. E., Sulistyowati, D., Nugraha, A., & Caesario, D. (2015).. Sistem Informasi Arkeologi: Pangkalan Data Berbasis Daring untuk Perekaman Data Artefak Tembikar dan Keramik di Kawasan Percandian Muarajambi. Amerta, 33(2), 77—84. (view)
Prasidha, I., & Martokusumo, W. (2014). Modernity and Transformation of the Architecture of Depok City, Indonesia. International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability, 1(1), 57–62. (view)
Robin, B. (2006). The Educational Uses of Digital Storytelling. In C. Crawford, R. Carlsen, K. McFerrin, J. Price, R. Weber, & D. Willis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2006--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 709-716). Orlando, Florida, USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). (view)
Rodil, K., & Rehm, M. (2015). A decade later: Looking at the past while sketching the future of ICH through the Tripartite Digitisation Model. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 10, 47-60. (view)
Rodil, K., & Winschiers-Theophilus, H. (2016). Indigenous Storytelling in Namibia: Sketching Concepts for Digitization. In 2015 International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing) (pp. 80-86). Kyoto: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). (view)
Rodil, K., & Winschiers-Theophilus, H. (2018). Why Is She Naked?: An iterative refinement of the digitisation of ICH with the OvaHimba tribe in Namibia. International Journal of Intangible Heritage, 13, 143-154. (view)
Sitokdana, M. N. N. (2015). Digitalisasi Kebudayaan di Indonesia. In Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 2015. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Teknologi Industri Universitas Atma Jaya. (view)
Tanaamah, A. R., & Wenas, M. R. (2014). Javanese Culture Digitalization in a Knowledge Management Framework at Kasunanan Surakarta Palace. IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 11(3), 125–133. (view)
UNESCO. (2003). Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage. Paris: UNESCO. (view)