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Abstract

Toponimi bentangan alam wilayah Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau sebagai bekas pusat kerajaan Melayu di Riau sangat menarik karena sangat konkret menggambarkan lanskap lingkungannya. Kekonkretan toponimi itu dapat dilihat dalam relasinya dengan manusia, sejarah, geografis, bahkan budaya. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada toponimi rupabumi alami, antara lain perbukitan, tasik, selat, tanjung, dan sungai di Kabupaten dengan tinjauan linguistik antropologis. Aspek yang diteliti mencakup bentuk dan aspek geografis toponimi, fungsinya, dan sistem kognisi orang Melayu Siak yang tecermin di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Dari analisis data, toponimi alami di Kabupaten Siak dinamai dengan bahasa Melayu Riau. Bentuk leksikonnya berupa kata kompleks atau frasa yang selalu diawali dengan nama generik. Pada umumnya, toponimi dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek fisikal. Tidak banyak toponimi yang dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek sosial, kultural, atau oleh aspek fisik-sosial. Toponimi tersebut berfungsi untuk menandai, menjadi identitas formal, mendeskripsikan, dan sebagai pengingat latar belakang sejarah dan/atau sosial budaya suatu bentang alam. Makna leksikonnya mengungkapkan keeratan hubungan masyarakat Melayu Siak dengan lingkungannya. Toponimi alami di Kabupaten Siak mencerminkan kognisi orang Melayu Siak terkait dengan lingkungannya, baik fisik, sosial, maupun kultural dalam hal proses memanfaatkan, menghubungkan, konsep asimilasi, konsep akomodasi, konsep empirik, dan kreativitas.


The toponyms of the landscape in Siak Regency as a former center of the Malay Kingdom in Riau is very significant in illustrating the landscape of its environment. The significance of toponym can be seen in its relation to humans, history, geography, and even culture. This research focuses on the natural topographical toponyms, including hills, lakes, straits, capes, and rivers in Siak Regency, Riau Province with anthropological linguistic reviews. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and descriptive method. From the data analysis, the natural toponyms in Siak Regency are named after Riau Malay language. The lexicon is a compound word or phrase that always starts with a generic name. In general, physical aspects have underlain the toponyms. There are not many toponyms underlain by social, cultural, or physical-social aspects. The toponyms serve to mark, become an identity (formal), describe, and as a reminder of the historical or socio-cultural background of a landscape. The meaning of the lexicon reveals the closeness of the relationship between Siak Malay community and its environment. The natural toponyms in Siak Regency reflect the cognition of Siak Malays related to their environment, both physical, social, and cultural environments, in terms of utilizing and connecting processes, assimilation concept, accommodation concept, empirical concept, and creativity.

Keywords

toponymy Siak Regency Siak Malays anthropological linguistics Riau

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Kapata Arkeologi by Balai Arkeologi Maluku. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at Copyright Notice.

Author Biography

Imelda Yance, Balai Bahasa Riau

Researcher at Balai Bahasa Riau

How to Cite
Yance, I. (2021). A Study of the Toponyms of Natural Topography in Siak, Riau Province. Kapata Arkeologi, 17(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.43-54

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